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Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Alcohol drinking and Smoking histories in a rural area of Korea.
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Hee Sung Ha, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yong Moon Park, Jin Hee Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Kun Ho Yoon, Ho Young Son, Moo Il Kang, Won Chul Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(2):281-293. Published online December 31, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.2.281
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Abstract
PURPOSE
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing markedly in rural area of Korea. Alcohol drinking and smoking are the main risk factors which shows the highest prevalence rate among the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and alcohol drinking and smoking histories in a rural area of Korea.
METHODS Data was obtained from 1,332(507 men, 825 women) individuals aged over 40 years who lived in rural area of Chungju city in 2007. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP ATP III criteria and waist circumference was defined by WHO-APR(Asia Pacific Region). Data analysis was carried out using SAS version 8.02.
RESULTS In men, adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome was 2.78(1.09-7.05) for current alcohol drinker, 2.75(1.38-5.51) for past alcohol drinker, 3.25(1.58-6.67) for under 21 years old at start of alcohol drinking, 2.62(1.12-6.11) for light alcohol drinker, 6.01(2.65-13.64) for heavy alcohol drinker. In women, all the alcohol related risk factors were not statistically significant with metabolic syndrome. For all the smoking related risk factors were not statistically significant with metabolic syndrome in men and women. Adjusted odds ratio of alcohol drinking habits for each components of diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was significant for high blood pressure, high fasting glucose and hypertriglyceridemia in men and abdominal obesity in women. Adjusted odds ratio of cigarette smoking habits for each components of diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was significant for abdominal obesity in women.
CONCLUSION Controlling alcohol drinking habits in men should be reinforced in order to prevent the metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Korea.
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Regional Variation in Accessing Regional Hospitals for Cancer Patients.
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Yeon Ok Moon, Eun Cheol Park, Hai Rim Shin, Young Joo Won, Kyu Won Jung, Jin Hee Lee, Soon Young Hwang, Hyun Joo Kong, Seung Sik Hwang, Jong Koo Lee, In Sik Kong, Myung Il Hahm
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(2):152-161.
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OBJECTIVES
To investigate the differences in accessing regional hospitals and the utilization rate of hospitals located in other regions for cancer patients by regions.METHODS Data for the utilization of regional hospitals for cancer patients were obtained from the Korean National Cancer Incidence Databases in 1999 and 2002. We divided the regions into 16 provinces by administrative districts. We using the SAS 9.1.3 to analyze difference of regional self-sufficiency and the Arcview 3.2 to show in a schematize for regional variation of the regional self-sufficiency.RESULTS There were regional variations in the regional self-sufficiency of cancer patients. Especially, Jeollanam-do(1999 13.6%, 2002 12.8%), Gyeongsangbuk-do(1999 22.0%, 2002 20.7%), and Chungcheongnam-do(1999 27.8%, 2002 27.1%) had low regional self-sufficiency. The regional self-sufficiency in Gyeonggi-do and utilization rate of cancer patients who lived in other regions were increased between 1999 and 2002(regional self-sufficiency: 1999 37.2%, 2002 48.2%).CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that there were regional variation in utilization of regional hospitals for cancer patients. Accessibility of cancer patients in metropolitan areas was higher than in small size cities, medium size cities, and rural county areas. These results suggested that it should be considered support medical facilities for cancer patients in rural areas where have lower relevance rate.
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Bias related to Nutritional Epidemiology.
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Won Chul Lee, Jin Hee Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2003;25(1):39-46.
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Bias is the main problem that should be considered in epidemiologic research. Information bias caused by measurement error and confounding caused by total energy intake are listed as the main biases in nutritional epidemiology and the concept, fact and the methods for adjusting effects of these biases are discussed. The biases which can be caused during the nutritional epidemiologic research process are listed and discussed. The pros and cons of the continuous data and categorical data of the nutrients and the ways how to categorize the data are reviewed. During the analysis of food and nutrient data, multiple comparison and publication bias are prone to be encountered, and these should be considered in interpretation of the results.
Understanding of the biases will lead us to make valuable nutritional epidemiologic research and these lead the application of the research results to control the prevalent noncommunicable diseases.
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